Li-jonu polim\u0113ru akumulatoru tehnolo\u0123ija ir pievilc\u012bga alternat\u012bva tradicion\u0101lajiem litija akumulatoriem, kas var nodro\u0161in\u0101t liel\u0101ku \u012bpatn\u0113jo jaudu un ener\u0123ijas bl\u012bvumu, vienlaikus dro\u0161i darbojoties pla\u0161\u0101 temperat\u016bru diapazon\u0101 un neradot termisk\u0101 izs\u012bkuma probl\u0113mas.<\/p>\n
Litija polim\u0113ru baterij\u0101m ir iev\u0113rojamas izmaksu priek\u0161roc\u012bbas sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar tradicion\u0101laj\u0101m litija jonu baterij\u0101m, jo elektrol\u012bta avota viet\u0101 tiek izmantoti cietie polim\u0113ri, nevis \u0161\u0137idrie elektrol\u012bti - t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek likvid\u0113ti viegli uzliesmojo\u0161i \u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101t\u0101ji, vienlaikus \u013caujot veidot pl\u0101n\u0101kus elementus un nov\u0113r\u0161ot dendr\u012btu veido\u0161anos augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101.<\/p>\n
Litija polim\u0113ru baterijas sast\u0101v no \u010detr\u0101m galvenaj\u0101m da\u013c\u0101m, tostarp: pozit\u012bv\u0101 elektroda, negat\u012bv\u0101 elektroda, separatora un elektrol\u012bta. No polietil\u0113na vai polipropil\u0113na izgatavota poraina pl\u0113ve veido separatoru, kas atdala elektrodus, vienlaikus \u013caujot litija joniem br\u012bvi p\u0101rvietoties starp tiem, un var kalpot ar\u012b k\u0101 \u012bslaic\u012bga atsl\u0113g\u0161an\u0101s ier\u012bce, ja akumulators k\u013c\u016bst p\u0101r\u0101k karsts.<\/p>\n
Elektrol\u012bti ir vielas, ko baterij\u0101s izmanto litija jonu transport\u0113\u0161anai starp anodu un katodu, un tie var sast\u0101v\u0113t no da\u017e\u0101diem materi\u0101liem. Visbie\u017e\u0101k sastopams organiskais \u0161\u0137\u012bdums, lai gan temperat\u016bras diapazona un \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s stabilit\u0101tes zi\u0146\u0101 dz\u012bvotsp\u0113j\u012bgas ir ar\u012b citas izv\u0113les iesp\u0113jas, piem\u0113ram, \u017eelejveida polim\u0113ru elektrol\u012bti.<\/p>\n
Litijam piem\u012bt unik\u0101las elektro\u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, t\u0101p\u0113c tas ir lieliski piem\u0113rots akumulatoru tehnolo\u0123ijai. T\u0101 k\u0101 litijs ir viens no viegl\u0101kajiem met\u0101liem, kura bl\u012bvums ir tikai 0,09 g\/cm3 sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar citiem elementiem; litijs var lepoties ar liel\u0101ku \u012bpatn\u0113jo ener\u0123iju un ietilp\u012bbu uz gramu nek\u0101 citi met\u0101li; turkl\u0101t tas ir lielisks elektronu vad\u012btsp\u0113j\u012bgs, kas \u013cauj ra\u017eot baterijas ar liel\u0101ku ener\u0123ijas bl\u012bvumu.<\/p>\n
P\u0113d\u0113jo desmit gadu laik\u0101 akumulatoru uz\u0146\u0113mumi ir str\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i pie ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesu uzlabo\u0161anas, lai samazin\u0101tu ra\u017eo\u0161anas izmaksas. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar BNEF p\u0113t\u012bjumiem bateriju komplektu un elementu izmaksas \u0161obr\u012bd konkur\u0113 ar iek\u0161dedzes dzin\u0113ju (ICE) izmaks\u0101m. Diem\u017e\u0113l akumulatoru materi\u0101lu cenas joproj\u0101m ir past\u0101v\u012bga probl\u0113ma, un to cenas var\u0113tu palielin\u0101ties pieaugo\u0161\u0101 elektromobi\u013cu piepras\u012bjuma d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\n
Litija jonu polim\u0113ru akumulatoru cena turpina samazin\u0101ties, jo samazin\u0101s materi\u0101lu izmaksas un ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesi k\u013c\u016bst efekt\u012bv\u0101ki. Nozares l\u012bderi ir izv\u0113l\u0113ju\u0161ies litija dzelzs fosf\u0101ta (LiFePO4) katodus k\u0101 l\u0113t\u0101ku katoda variantu, kas ir 32% l\u0113t\u0101ks nek\u0101 d\u0101rg\u0101kais litija ni\u0137e\u013ca mang\u0101na kobalta oks\u012bds (NMC). Turkl\u0101t akumulatoru ra\u017eot\u0101ji izmanto mikrokodolu priek\u0161apstr\u0101des pa\u0146\u0113mienus Ni met\u0101la folijas izmaksu samazin\u0101\u0161anai un jaunus blokkopolim\u0113ru elektrol\u012btus ar dendr\u012btu notur\u012bbu, vienlaikus saglab\u0101jot elementu dro\u0161\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
Litija polim\u0113ru akumulatori ir efekt\u012bv\u0101ki un maz\u0101k pak\u013cauti p\u0101rkar\u0161anai nek\u0101 to \u0161\u0137idrie analogi, k\u0101 ar\u012b to pielietojums ir elast\u012bg\u0101ks nek\u0101 \u0161\u0137idrajiem analogiem. Turkl\u0101t \u0161\u012bs litija polim\u0113ru baterijas var uzglab\u0101t ilgu laiku, nezaud\u0113jot uzl\u0101di, un to pa\u0161izl\u0101des \u0101trums ir zems. Pateicoties \u0161\u012bm \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, litija polim\u0113ru akumulatori ir k\u013cuvu\u0161i par popul\u0101ru izv\u0113li elektronisko ier\u012b\u010du, elektrisko velosip\u0113du un elektrisko transportl\u012bdzek\u013cu darbin\u0101\u0161anai; tom\u0113r, lai izvair\u012btos no ugunsgr\u0113kiem vai spr\u0101dzieniem, ar tiem ir j\u0101r\u012bkojas uzman\u012bgi; lai to dar\u012btu dro\u0161i, vislab\u0101k ir akumulatorus, kad tie netiek izmantoti, glab\u0101t lipo dro\u0161\u0101 maisi\u0146\u0101 vai konteiner\u0101; regul\u0101ri p\u0101rbaud\u012bt, vai nav boj\u0101jumu paz\u012bmju - ja tie ir boj\u0101ti, nekav\u0113joties tos izmest un aizst\u0101t ar jauniem.<\/p>\n
Lai izvair\u012btos no ugunsgr\u0113ka, vienm\u0113r izmantojiet l\u0101d\u0113t\u0101ju, ko akumulatora ra\u017eot\u0101js ir apstiprin\u0101jis lieto\u0161anai ar saviem produktiem. Turkl\u0101t vienm\u0113r turiet l\u012bdzi sauso ugunsdz\u0113\u0161amo apar\u0101tu, ja s\u0101kas ugunsgr\u0113ks. Visbeidzot, nekad nenovietojiet litija polim\u0113ru akumulatorus vai baterijas tie\u0161i saules gaism\u0101, jo tas var izrais\u012bt temperat\u016bras paaugstin\u0101\u0161anos un \u0137\u012bmiskas reakcijas, kas galu gal\u0101 var izrais\u012bt ugunsgr\u0113ku.<\/p>\n
P\u0101rkarsu\u0161u litija-polim\u0113ra akumulatoru elektrol\u012bts var iztvaikot un aizdegties, izraisot \u012bssavienojumu \u0161\u016bn\u0101s un spr\u0101dzienu, kas var izplat\u012bties tuvum\u0101. \u0160\u0101du risku nav v\u0113rts uz\u0146emties, ja tas var apdraud\u0113t dz\u012bv\u012bbas un tuvum\u0101 eso\u0161\u0101s kopienas.<\/p>\n
Litija jonu akumulatori rada ne tikai p\u0101rkar\u0161anas, bet ar\u012b papildu dro\u0161\u012bbas probl\u0113mas. Pies\u0101r\u0146ojums ar mikroskopisk\u0101m met\u0101la da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m ra\u017eo\u0161anas laik\u0101 var rad\u012bt iek\u0161\u0113jo \u012bssavienojumu. Turkl\u0101t oglek\u013ca ielikt\u0146i uz negat\u012bvajiem elektrodiem var atdal\u012bties, ne\u013caujot izl\u0101d\u0113ties. Pozit\u012bv\u0101 elektroda akt\u012bvais materi\u0101ls var izkrist un blo\u0137\u0113t attiec\u012bgi uzl\u0101des vai izl\u0101des procesus.<\/p>\n
Lai izvair\u012btos no iesp\u0113jam\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m, lietot\u0101jiem j\u0101ieg\u0101d\u0101jas tikai firmas litija polim\u0113ru akumulatori no akredit\u0113tiem p\u0101rdev\u0113jiem un l\u0101d\u0113t\u0101jiem un j\u0101iev\u0113ro visi dro\u0161\u012bbas nor\u0101d\u012bjumi, tostarp ra\u017eot\u0101ja ieteikt\u0101 maksim\u0101l\u0101 izl\u0101des str\u0101va un polarit\u0101tes ieteikumi. Vi\u0146iem ar\u012b j\u0101izlasa akumulatora materi\u0101lu dro\u0161\u012bbas datu lapa, lai p\u0101rliecin\u0101tos, ka tas bez probl\u0113m\u0101m b\u016bs piem\u0113rots vi\u0146u ier\u012bcei vai lietojumam.<\/p>\n
Litija polim\u0113ru akumulatoru darbm\u016b\u017es iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137iras atkar\u012bb\u0101 no vair\u0101kiem faktoriem, tostarp to \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 sast\u0101va, konstrukcijas un ier\u012b\u010du, kur\u0101s tie tiek izmantoti, jaudas pras\u012bb\u0101m. Litija jonu baterijas pied\u0101v\u0101 liel\u0101ku jaudu par maz\u0101k\u0101m izmaks\u0101m - ide\u0101li piem\u0113rotas ier\u012bc\u0113m, kur\u0101m nepiecie\u0161ama liela jauda; savuk\u0101rt litija polim\u0113ru baterijas pied\u0101v\u0101 dro\u0161\u0101kus akumulatoru risin\u0101jumus, ja nepiecie\u0161amas pl\u0101nas ier\u012bces. Tikpat svar\u012bgi ir izv\u0113l\u0113ties ier\u012bcei piem\u0113rotu akumulatoru; vienl\u012bdz svar\u012bga ir ar\u012b t\u0101 pareiza lieto\u0161ana.<\/p>\n
Lai maksim\u0101li palielin\u0101tu akumulatora veiktsp\u0113ju, izvairieties no uzl\u0101des p\u0101rslodzes un uzglab\u0101\u0161anas augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 - abas \u0161\u012bs darb\u012bbas var iev\u0113rojami samazin\u0101t akumulatora kalpo\u0161anas ilgumu. Izvairieties ar\u012b no piln\u012bgas izl\u0101des, jo tas var saboj\u0101t akumulatora iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s sh\u0113mas un, iesp\u0113jams, sa\u012bsin\u0101t t\u0101 kalpo\u0161anas laiku.<\/p>\n
Parasti akumulatoru darb\u012bbas ilgumu m\u0113ra uzl\u0101des ciklu, nevis m\u0113ne\u0161u izteiksm\u0113, piem\u0113ram, akumulatori ar 500 ciklu darb\u012bbas ilgumu p\u0113c 500 uzl\u0101d\u0113\u0161anas joproj\u0101m saglab\u0101s aptuveni 80% no savas s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s ietilp\u012bbas.<\/p>\n
Tom\u0113r vides apst\u0101k\u013ci, piem\u0113ram, uzglab\u0101\u0161ana, uzl\u0101des \u0101trums un izl\u0101des dzi\u013cums, var iev\u0113rojami sa\u012bsin\u0101t akumulatora kalpo\u0161anas laiku. Litija akumulatori at\u0161\u0137iras p\u0113c izm\u0113ra, konstrukcijas un elektrodu \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 sast\u0101va, kas nosaka to kalpo\u0161anas ilgumu; kopum\u0101 augst\u0101kas kvalit\u0101tes akumulatori kalpo ilg\u0101k.<\/p>\n
Litija jonu polim\u0113ru akumulatora cikla ilgumu var b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113t izl\u0101des dzi\u013cums, uzl\u0101des \u0101trums, temperat\u016bra un iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s pretest\u012bbas pieaugums laika gait\u0101 - visi \u0161ie faktori ietekm\u0113 jaudas zudumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b agr\u012bnu sh\u0113mas boj\u0101\u0161anos.<\/p>\n
L\u012bcij-polim\u0113ru baterijas maz\u0101k izple\u0161as, kad t\u0101s tiek uzl\u0101d\u0113tas p\u0101r\u0101k strauji, nek\u0101 to litija jonu baterijas; to izple\u0161an\u0101s ar\u012b nav tik j\u016btama, un to cikliskuma kapacit\u0101te parasti p\u0101rsniedz citu litija bateriju tehnolo\u0123iju, pateicoties to unik\u0101lajam DEE elektrol\u012btam, kas nodro\u0161ina lielisku jonu vad\u012btsp\u0113ju starp negat\u012bvajiem un pozit\u012bvajiem elektrodiem, lai uzlabotu uzticam\u012bbu un cikliskuma kapacit\u0101ti; turkl\u0101t \u0161ie elementi ir apr\u012bkoti ar iztur\u012bgiem p\u0101rkl\u0101jumiem uz elektrodiem, kas aizsarg\u0101 pret nodilumu, nodro\u0161inot ilg\u0101ku kalpo\u0161anas laiku un dro\u0161\u012bbu - radot dro\u0161as baterijas, kas piem\u0113rotas da\u017e\u0101diem lietojumiem un da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m ier\u012bc\u0113m.<\/p>\n
Litija polim\u0113ru akumulatorus var b\u016bt sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti pareizi uzl\u0101d\u0113t. Ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi, lai lietot\u0101ji iev\u0113rotu ra\u017eot\u0101ja nor\u0101d\u012bjumus un izmantotu efekt\u012bvu l\u0101d\u0113t\u0101ju, lai pareizi uzl\u0101d\u0113tu \u0161\u012bs baterijas, un pirms lieto\u0161anas t\u0101s ir piln\u012bb\u0101 j\u0101uzl\u0101d\u0113, pirms jebkura ier\u012bce t\u0101s izmanto. To iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 strukt\u016bra ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bta, jo uzl\u0101dei ir j\u0101p\u0101rvietojas p\u0101ri vair\u0101k\u0101m saskarn\u0113m, piem\u0113ram, katoda-elektrol\u012bta saskarnei, negat\u012bvo elektrodu re\u017e\u0123im un elektrol\u012btam. Litija polim\u0113ru akumulatorus ir iesp\u0113jams uzl\u0101d\u0113t p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgi, t\u0101p\u0113c ir svar\u012bgi regul\u0101ri uzraudz\u012bt akumulatora uzl\u0101des l\u012bmeni, jo da\u017ek\u0101rt var rasties p\u0101rl\u0101de.<\/p>\n
Litija polim\u0113ru akumulatori nodro\u0161ina liel\u0101ku spriegumu un ener\u0123iju, kad tie ir piln\u012bb\u0101 uzl\u0101d\u0113ti, k\u0101 ar\u012b ir maz\u0101k jut\u012bgi pret temperat\u016bras izmai\u0146\u0101m nek\u0101 cita veida akumulatori. Litija polim\u0113ru akumulatorus ir iesp\u0113jams uzl\u0101d\u0113t vair\u0101kas reizes, nepaildzinot to kalpo\u0161anas laiku; tom\u0113r uzl\u0101de j\u0101veic l\u0113ni, sl\u0113gt\u0101 viet\u0101, jo nepareiza uzl\u0101de var izrais\u012bt termisko izs\u012bk\u0161anu un izrais\u012bt ugunsgr\u0113ku vai eksploziju.<\/p>\n
Uzl\u0101des proces\u0101 litija joni no pozit\u012bv\u0101 elektroda p\u0101rvietojas elektrol\u012bt\u0101 un p\u0113c tam uz graf\u012bta veidot\u0101 negat\u012bv\u0101 elektroda. Laika gait\u0101, tuvojoties met\u0101liskajam litijam, tie atbr\u012bvojas no graf\u012bta sait\u0113m, k\u013c\u016bstot par dendr\u012btiem, kas izurbj diafragmu starp pozit\u012bvo un negat\u012bvo elektrodus, izraisot \u012bssavienojumu.<\/p>\n
Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu dro\u0161us uzl\u0101des apst\u0101k\u013cus, litija jonu polim\u0113ru baterijas j\u0101uzl\u0101d\u0113 0,2 C vai zem\u0101k\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101. T\u0101s j\u0101l\u0101d\u0113 vismaz 30 min\u016btes, l\u012bdz to str\u0101va sasniedz pies\u0101tin\u0101juma punktu - parasti 10% no to kop\u0113j\u0101s ietilp\u012bbas -, pirms tiek sasniegts 4,2 V katram elementam k\u0101 spriegums, pie kura uzl\u0101de j\u0101p\u0101rtrauc.<\/p>\n
P\u0101rl\u0101d\u0113ta baterija var nodar\u012bt ilgsto\u0161u kait\u0113jumu, jo t\u0101s uzl\u0101des \u0101trums p\u0101rsniedz interkal\u0101cijas procesus un uz t\u0101s virsmas paliek p\u0101r\u0101k daudz jonu. P\u0101rl\u0101d\u0113\u0161ana var pat pa\u0101trin\u0101t akumulatora noveco\u0161anu \u0101rk\u0101rt\u0113jos gad\u012bjumos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Li-ion polymer battery technology offers an attractive alternative to traditional lithium batteries, with potential to deliver greater specific power and energy density, whilst operating safely over a wide temperature range without thermal runaway being an issue. Cost Lithium polymer batteries offer significant cost advantages over their traditional lithium-ion counterparts, due to the use of solid …<\/p>\n